Horizontal Direct Effect of the Standstill Obligation under Article 108(3), third sentence TFEU
Keywords:
unlawful aid, State aid, standstill obligation, direct effect, Article 108(3) TFEUAbstract
This paper addresses the issue of direct effect of the standstill obligation (Article 108(3), third sentence TFEU), applicable to recovery of unlawful aid without the need of a Commission decision, arguing that the recent developments of the jurisprudence of the Court suggest that it has horizontal effect. The position of a beneficiary is reviewed with the conclusion that they do not enjoy the same position as a person relying on Article 108(3) TFEU. The law is stated as it stood on 1.04.2021.
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Copyright (c) 2022 Łukasz Stępkowski
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